Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contextual investigation - Essay Example The potential for struggle arses when the conditions under which the administration is given is poor. High Identify their changing needs and make the vital changes to encourage them Suppliers Interested in proceeded with business with the organization. Struggle can emerge when they additionally contend with Garden City Ltd Moderate Ensure that more than one provider is utilized so deficiencies can be kept away from. Representatives Interested in keeping up their occupations Moderate Train them and guarantee that they are inspired with the goal that they can give quality client assistance Shareholders Interested in the productivity of the business and keeping up or improving their total assets. Moderate Ensure that the business keeps up or builds its worth with the goal that they can sell their offers without any problem. Oversee it so that individuals will put resources into the organization The Community Interested in the congruity of the business. Potential for clashes may emerge i f the organization isn't obeying government rules and guidelines Low to Moderate The organization needs to guarantee that it meets its commitments comparable to the earth and make commitments to the elevate the network. Advance Creditors Collecting obligations as they fall due. Acquiring in abundance of specific cutoff points and using assets on unfruitful undertakings place them in danger and are probably going to cause clashes. Moderate Avoid clashes and guarantee business coherence by guaranteeing that understandings are clung to. The table shows six of the partners of Garden City Ltd - clients, providers, workers, investors, the network wherein the business is worked and advance loan bosses. It shows their primary intrigue and matters that might cause strife. It likewise shows their degree of impact, significance and net effect. In light of the data gave by Sally the clients are the partners with a significant level of intensity and impact, significance and net effect. It in thi s manner implies their requirements ought to be fulfilled if Garden City Ltd wishes to stay in business. Different partners are not as persuasive and significant as clients. Without clients the business stops to exist. In any case, note that advance leasers can use a great deal of intensity, particularly when an organization is in monetary pain. A business’s capacity to stay in great kindness with advance loan bosses relies upon how its funds are overseen and whether it releases its commitments when they are expected. Anything to the opposite may bring about advance loan bosses utilizing their forces to assume control over the advantages of the business. Despite the fact that the investors are proprietors of the business the impact that they employ relies upon the level of offers that they own. The choices that administration makes are almost certain to correspond with the enthusiasm of the clients. Keeping up investor esteem is of principal significance. The people group has the ability to tie the organization to act as per government guidelines. It is through the network that organizations discover a flexibly of laborers to

Companies Listed In Tehran Stock Exchange -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Companies Listed In Tehran Stock Exchange? Answer: Introducation In this situation, the FCF has no development rate after 2009. The FCF is determined by acquiring the contrast between working incomes and putting away incomes for the gave years. With the assistance of this computation, it is conceivable to register the limiting component esteems and from that point forward, markdown rate is increased for getting the PV until 2009. So as to figure CV, FCF got for 2009 is partitioned by the pace of rebate. This worth has helped in ascertaining PV of CV by the estimation of the limiting variable for the most recent year. Contingent upon this, the EV is determined by partitioning the estimation of FCF every year and afterward, CV is included separated by the estimation of limiting element after 2009. As the estimation of all out obligation is given, it is deducted from EV so as to infer the value esteem. What's more, the contextual analysis gives both market cost per offer and number of extraordinary offers. In view of this data, the estimation of value is separated by remarkable offers giving the book esteem per share. At last, the book esteem per share is separated by the market esteem per offer to acquire the worth to-value proportion (Chong et al., 2017). In this situation, the FCF has development pace of 3% after 2009. In this way, for this issue, the CV and PV from the past part are thought of. This implies the CV esteem is foreseen to rise. The calculation of the new CV is processed by duplicating the CV figured in the past part with expansion in the development pace of CV isolated by the pace of rebate less the development rate in CV (Jafari, Mohammadi Rakhshani, 2017). The worth to-value proportion and the book esteem per share is determined with the utilization of the above-utilized recipe. Free Cash Flow for Kimberly-Clark Corporation For processing FCF, there is reformulation of monetary record proclamation. After in this way, the two counts are done, which are depicted as follows: Net working resources = Operating resources Operating liabilities Monetary resources Financial commitments In this circumstance, FCF is determined with the assistance of the accompanying recipe References: Chong, W. L., Chong, W. L., Ting, K. H., Ting, K. H., Cheng, F. F., Cheng, F. F. (2017). The presentation of remotely oversaw REITs in Asia: Further proof from free income and office costs.Journal of Property Investment Finance,35(2), 200-227. Jafari, F., Mohammadi, H., Rakhshani, M. (2017). The effect of free income on estimated gaining achievement in organizations recorded in tehran stock exchange.Revista QUID,1(1), 2182-2191.

Nicotine Withdrawal Tips From Successful Ex-Smokers

Nicotine Withdrawal Tips From Successful Ex-Smokers Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal Print Nicotine Withdrawal Advice From Successful Ex-Smokers How to Manage the Discomforts Without Lighting Up By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 19, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD on January 19, 2020 Paul Bradbury/Caiaimage/Getty More in Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery There is no better teacher than the voice of experience, and when it comes to nicotine withdrawal, there are no better teachers than members of our own community. They are an important resource for new ex-smokers.   When youre done reading this, bookmark it to refer to it when youre having a bad day. Next thing you know, youll be the one sharing the tips that helped you mostâ€"with smoking solidly in your past. Beating Physical Cravings to Smoke There are various ways to beat cravings that dont involve a patch. Here are a few practices that worked for me: Drink plenty of water: Water is one of natures best quitting aids and will help you beat back cravings to smoke.  Youll be  well-hydrated, which in turn keeps you at your best to deal with the discomforts of the first few weeks of smoking cessation. Water can help control snacking and flush the toxins from cigarettes out  of your body more quickly.Avoid all smokers: At least for the first week. Climbing the walls was necessary, but I did manage it.Chew something: Munching on spicy things like cinnamon candies and whole cloves stimulated those oral muscles so used to smoking. Arm yourself with sugar-free bubble gum, mints, or candy at all timesCurb or cut certain beverages: Because alcohol can reduce inhibitions, you may lose track of your willpower and reach for a cigarette.  Non-alcoholic beverages can apply, too. I cut my coffee intake to one, sometimes two, cups per day.Accept cravings: I do not fight the cravings and urges to smoke because it only makes me tenser. I try to accept , if not welcome them as a natural part of my addiction recovery. I let them wash over me, take deep breaths and just ride them out with movementâ€"climbing a flight of stairs, jumping up and down, or taking a hot shower.Sing: The physical act of singing works great as a crave-buster. It gives the lungs a workout, gets the blood flowing, and kills the urge to smoke in the process. Pick your favorite motivating music, and as an added bonus, its a mood booster. Releasing the Habit of Smoking I recognized, after the initial physical withdrawal from nicotine, that I was breaking a habit. So I thought about how I could replace that habit with something healthy. For instance, you can take a different route to work. Or have your morning coffee and meals in a different room than you usually do.  I used to smoke on my porch. Instead, I started taking herbal tea to the porch, and before long I didnt feel comfortable going out there without my tea. I also look past the desire for a cigarette to the bigger meaning. The only thing smoking a cigarette would accomplishâ€"besides making me feel badâ€"would be  to make me want another cigarette. Even if it satisfied me, how long would that satisfaction last? How long before Id want another one?  When you learn to identify the source of your discomfort, you can react with a better choice than smoking. If youre tired, rest. If youre hungry, have a snack. Reducing Stress A stress ball is one way to find reliefâ€"I used a 2-inch cloth-covered gel ball myselfâ€"but there are plenty of other methods. Find the technique that fits best into your lifestyle and try to practice it frequently when cravings hit. Exercise: I make it a practice to get in at least 30-40 minutes of brisk walking daily.Write in a diary: This practice helped me most for the first weeks and months. I actually wrote Day 1, Day 2, and so on and under each heading described how I felt and how I dealt with various situations.    Pamper yourself: During the early stages, I was very critical of myself, so I told myself it was okay if I had a few days where I did nothing but rest and relax. It made nicotine withdrawal a lot easier because I didnt expect too much of myself during the first few days.Breathe: Use meditation techniques or whatever method sticks for you. For many, the relaxation you reap from breathing exercises offers a similar feeling as nicotine once did.Find a buddy: I paired up with someone who quit the same day I did. We held each other accountable.Laugh: Keep your sense of humor. Watch comedies on TV, funny movies, or find joke websites on the Internet.     Adjusting Your Attitude Mantras can be a powerful way to shift thinking from negative to positive. These inner monologues helped me in my quitting journey: I choose to work it just for today. I dont worry about tomorrow. If I keep my focus on staying smoke-free  just for today, it becomes less overwhelming.    Remember quitting isnt an eventâ€"it is a process. Everyones process is different. It does get better for some earlier, and  for others (like me) later.    Recite NOPE (Not One Puff Ever)  as often as you need, make a song out of it and chant it when you have a cravingâ€"this helped me immensely in the beginning.    Knowledge is power. Understanding this addiction and our internal junkie goes a long way toward beating it.  When I see a smoker enjoying a cigarette, I remind myself that they probably wish that they could quit like I have. I know thats how I felt as a smoker whenever someone I knew had quit.    I remind myself that nicotine withdrawal takes a lot of work and I will just have to start at the beginning again should I relapse. I also remind myself that there is no such thing as having just one cigarette. I know from per sonal experience and have made that mistake too many times before. It never works.   Thankfully, nicotine withdrawal is a short-lived phase of smoking cessation, but it can be intense while it lasts. The more you understand about what to expect when you quit smoking, the better prepared youll be to plan for and successfully navigate the challenges that may present themselves along the way. Be patient with yourself and willing to devote full attention to your quit program. Cast off any preconceived notions you might have about how long the recovery process should take. Rather, relax into your journey and take it one day at a time. The difficulties of nicotine withdrawal pale in comparison to the strength and empowerment that comes from  beating nicotine addiction. 10 Practical Tips to Help With Nicotine Withdrawal

Communism in Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay - 588 Words

Eric Arthur Blair, known by his pen name George Orwell, was one of the most well rounded writers of the 20th century. his satirical attack on communism, and soviet Russia in particular, has had a wide influence. Written during a time when most of the world was considering communism, â€Å"Animal farm,† accentuated what historian Richard Pipes proficied about communistic policies,† Marxism, the theoretical foundation of communism, carried within it the seeds of its own destruction.† Communism has several unforeseen costs. Communistic policies require the total removal of a free market economy which obviously costs the country allot. By placing the power of the law in the hands of a few, the laws, especially those dealing with†¦show more content†¦Similarly there were severe punishments for authoring or distributing â€Å"corrupt† literature. Even scientific advancement was carefully censured. The most disturbing cost of communism is the tendency for communist countries to start horrible wars. The major contributor is the design of the communistic government places the full authority on the shoulders of one ore a select few men. Even when they pretend to have a parliament, communistic dictators simply override others to execute whatever self-serving plan that they have. Sometimes the leader could even start a war in the best interest of their country. Communistic countries are never self sufficient for very long, they need more land, fresh hardworking converts, and more recourses to consume. War is the only way to achieve that end. When communism takes over a country the most obvious effect is on the economy. Next the government eliminates all true freedoms. And, lastly communism usually begins a war. Communism in principle is a good idea. It was even successfully implemented by the Ejido and Inca tribes of South America where it was used for over seven hundred years. The problem is the unchecked power that develops. Roger Nash Baldwin once wrote,† I am for socialism,Show MoreRelated Critique of Communism in Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx’s perfect society described in his Communist Manifesto is in direct conflict with the implementation of Soviet Communism, which was scathingly criticized by George Orwell’s book Animal Farm. Karl Marx believed that in order to form a just and equal society, the working class, called the proletariat, would have to overthrow those who owned the means of production, who were known as the bourgeoisie. This was to be known as the Proletariat Revolution where the oppressed laborers in capitalistRead MoreThe Downfall Of Communism : George Orwell s Animal Farm1867 Words   |  8 Pages THE DOWNFALL OF COMMUNISM 2 The Downfall of Communism George Orwell is the author of the novel, Animal Farm, which is an allegory for the Russian Revolution. An allegory is a story that uses characters or events to represent ideas. Animal Farm can be read as a fable of talking animals, or as a history book. Animal farm is full of information, you just need to reach out for it. Orwell wrote this to tell people the effects of communism and how it affected the Russian peopleRead More Animal Farm: Communism Through The Eyes Of George Orwell Essay2475 Words   |  10 Pages Animal Farm: Communism Through The Eyes of George Orwell Throughout history, writers have written about many different subjects based on their personal experiences. George Orwell was the pen name of Eric Blair. He is one of the most famous political satirists of the twentieth century. He was born in Bengal, India in 1903 to an English Civil Servant and died in 1950. He attended Eton from 1917 to 1921, and served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma from 1922 to 1927 before moving to EuropeRead MoreGeorge Orwell‚Äà ´s Animal Farm: The Rise of Communism1207 Words   |  5 PagesOrwell effectively conveys the rise of communism in Russia throughout the book Animal Farm by the accurate elucidation of the context in the Soviet Union from 1917-1945. Orwell’s attitude and political view towards Russia is evident in his representation of the farm animals on Communist Party leaders: Napoleon and Snowball, for example, are figurations of Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky, respectively. He expresses the anthropomorphic characters of farm animals, and major events in Animal Farm suchRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 Pageslegs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also the author of 1 984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glance into the future. George OrwellRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreA Critical Review of Animal Farm Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Review of Animal Farm Once again, George Orwell shows his literary genius in writing. Through a brilliantly designed plot, the evidence for the horrors of totalitarianism, communism, and revolution have been shown. Throughout history, these types of events have destroyed societies, and George Orwell uses his strength in satire to show this. In someways, he even pokes fun at the communist regimes around the world by symbolizing them as animals. Truly, this book is not only serious inRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm942 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwells Animal Farm (1945) is an illustrious political novella which delineates the fact that the Utopian Ideology of communism is not perfect. Orwells eagerness to express his view on the Russian Republic led him to produce his satirical and metaphoric masterpiece; Animal Farm. The fictitious text based on the events manifest in the Russian Revolution show how communism fails as power corrupts minds, displayed in the novella with Animalism. Napoleon, the mai n protagonist portrays theRead MoreHow Is Marxism Portrayed in Animal Farm by George Orwell? Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHow is Marxism portrayed throughout ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell? The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in hisRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1392 Words   |  6 Pages George Orwell Never Misuses Words In what was a vastly controversial novel published in 1945, George Orwell’s Animal Farm describes the horrific brand of communism in the Soviet Union and the conscious blindness that most of the West accepted at that time. Although Orwell labeled Animal Farm as a fairy tale, this historically parallel novel branches into the genres of political satire, fable, and allegory as well. What made Animal Farm so controversial among the â€Å"British socialists† and Western

Dont call me a cougar

Although the term cougar has become synonymous with older women who date younger men, its predatory image is neither accurate nor acceptable in the opinion of many women tagged with the label. Since theres no similar word to describe an older man who dates younger women, many feel its far from complimentary. In fact, they say it is ageist, sexist, and certainly not empowering to women. Celebrities from Demi Moore (whose husband Ashton Kutcher is 16 years her junior) to Kim Cattrall have emphatically stated, Dont call me a cougar! Cattrall in particular rejects the the idea that Samantha, the iconic character she played for six seasons on Sex and the City, is a cougar, saying that some who are uncomfortable with strong women use the term to label women. As Cattrall told the celebrity news show Extra, I dont see anything negative about Samantha and her sexuality, sensuality and choice. Long before Moore or Cattrall took a public anti-cougar stand, UK artist and entrepreneur Julia Macmillan defied the label by making the domain name dontcallmeacougar.com her own. There, she started a blog supportive of women in relationships with younger men because, as she sees it, it should be as normal for a woman to date a younger man as it always has been for a man to date or marry a younger women. Like many attractive and intelligent women who look younger than their years, Macmillan typically dated younger men not because she sought them out but because they had approached her and were more compatible than men her age. When she tried online dating in 2006, she found she wasnt connecting with the same type of men she had met in person; and those that were contacting her didnt suit her at all. Thinking that there had to be a better way, in 2007 she founded a UK dating website with a deliberately sassy, tongue-in-cheek name -- ToyboyWarehouse.com -- where members abide by one simple rule: that women date men at least a year younger, and men date women at least a year older. Nowhere on the website is the word cougar ever used. As Macmillan says, Its not empowering to women. She seems to have hit a nerve. Three years later, the site is so successful shes planning to launch a US version of ToyboyWarehouse in late 2010 in the New York City area. I spoke with Julia Macmillan about the cougar stereotype, the reasons why it persists even as women reject the term in growing numbers, and whether theres greater cultural acceptance in the UK or the US toward older female/younger male relationships. You avoid the term cougar and have said, In my view there should be no label. After all, there isnt one for a man who dates a younger woman. What is that stereotype that people have regarding cougars thats offensive to you? Its a stereotype of a woman whos looking for younger men for casual sex which is how the term started originally. I think theres so much more to it than that. The attraction is an enormous part a relationship but sometimes two people can be attracted to each other because they have so much in common. Cougar is too oversexualized and too predatory an image to apply to a broad section of women. Its just one particular type of woman, not all the types of women that necessarily date younger men. Quite a lot of women find it offensive because theyre not the predators. In fact, I know on our site its the young men who are chasing the women. These women are just fabulous. Theyre independent, attractive, but theyre not pouncing on young men. So I think its inaccurate and limiting. Women who routinely date younger men have told me its not as if either side is asking about their partners age. In fact, they say that age doesnt come up in the discussion. The men take the women at face value. Do you find this to be true? That is so true -- that comment is so spot on. Age doesnt really come up in the conversation. Women are looking fantastic; theyre looking better than before and taking care of their bodies. Its not like 10-15 years ago when a woman over 45 found herself abandoned by a husband who had left her for some young secretary. Today women have the same choices as men. I think cougar is a bit demeaning. Many women say it doesnt apply to them at all. They wouldnt want to be called a cougar and never refer to themselves as cougars. When you look at all the dating sites with cougar in the title there are pictures of attractive middle-aged women in a state of undress. Theres something slightly tacky about that. Theres a lot of really classy women out there who wouldnt want that label attached to them. When an older man dates a younger woman, nobody blinks. Yet not too long ago, if a woman dated a man just 3-5 years younger than herself, she faced disgust and outrage. Back then, shed have been called a cradle robber. Why does this double standard exist? Why is there such animosity towards women? I really think it has to do with whos losing ground in this whole thing. When you look at news articles in the online media referring to some new celebrity whos going out with a younger man, you get a lot of really unpleasant aggressive comments from men because theyre the ones who are going to be left out. Theyve had it their own way for so long; theyve always been able to play the field with women their own age or younger. For women, its been very restricting and socially unacceptable until fairly recently -- although I do think its been going on longer in a more secretive way for women to date younger men. And I dont mean to be racist about this, but it tends to be older white men that are upset. More and more women are acknowledging their sexuality which before they had to keep in a closed closet. And older white men dont like the kind of freedom that women have been gaining because they dont have so much power anymore. Unfortunately theyre the ones who tend to run the whole establishment and their views have been the predominant views. Women are becoming more powerful in more and more areas, including business and in their choice of partners. Men are going to have to accept the fact that theyre going to lose ground but that its going to be better for all of us in the end. What do you think younger men appreciate about older women? Older women, younger women -- thats all relative too. Ive got younger women signing up on ToyboyWarehouse who are 30 years old. Its the type of women they are. Theyre independent; theyve got great jobs; they arent looking for a man as a meal ticket because they can take care of themselves. Instead, theyre looking for a man to have a connection with. It could be a purely physical connection; it could be a mental and physical connection (which is obviously the best); but theyre not looking to be dependent on a man. I think that is what the men absolutely love. Older women tend not to have the ticking clock young women have who are looking for husband material. Older women tend to take the relationship as it comes and see how it develops. Most cougar dating websites treat women as if were simply sexual toys; they dont take the whole woman into account. Thats not the case with your website. What did you want to create in ToyboyWarehouse that you had not found on other existing sites? Ive had feedback from other women that confirmed my own bad experiences with online dating. I was 46 when tried it for the first time in the summer of 2006. On the mainstream sites I found that a woman over 40 would tend to get messages from rather boring older men. Id always dated younger men and I just wasnt interested in the type of men I was meeting. Although Id never done anything in the dating industry, I thought, well it cant be too difficult to create the kind of site that I would actually like to be on. The very name ToyboyWarehouse is humorous and witty, and thats an essential part of attraction. The idea was to be fun and playful -- its from a womans point of view. It evokes the image of a woman going around with a shopping cart and saying, That one looks nice on the shelf. Ill have that one. When the site went live in 2007 there was literally nothing out there for women in their late 30s or older who wanted something a little more exciting than a pipe-and-slippers man whose highlight of the week was probably watching his car in his drive. That was what was missing for me. Do you see any cultural differences in the way older woman/younger man relationships are perceived in the UK vs. the US? It seems that in the UK these women are seen as cheeky and playful, whereas in the US were much more judgmental and make moral assumptions about women who date younger men. I think there are two slightly different issues here. Theres the issue of the actual word cougar. My feeling is that its more acceptable in the US than the UK. We did a survey to see what women thought of the word -- whether theyd like to be labeled as that. And 95% said, No, it doesnt apply to us. We dont like that word. Possibly in the UK its more acceptable that a older woman should go out with a younger man. Every time a film star or pop star dates a younger man it puts the idea out there. In the US some might see the word cougar as positive because its a beautiful animal; they like the idea of it and they dont see it as a stereotyped label whereas in the UK we fight labels more and its not a badge of honor to be called a cougar -- its seen as really derogatory. Were going through a transition period. In the next generation it will be as normal for a woman to date a younger man as it always has been the other way around. Were fighting for equality in how were being referred to as well as acceptance that a women can express her own sexuality. Women are so critical of themselves when theyre younger. But as we get older, particularly once were into our 40s and 50s, we tend to become free of those former constraints. Wed like to see that freedom reflected in the partner were with. Yet it seems that at the same time women become more free and liberated within themselves, men seem to shut down. Youve absolutely hit the nail on the head. Young men dont close down but older men do. Ive heard from women who say that if they go out with a man their age, generally hes been through a marriage and hes got a lot of baggage and the kids and the awful ex-wife that he goes on about. Its not much fun for a woman to deal with all of that. Younger men dont tend to have that. Theyre much freer to appreciate a woman. We get a lot of divorcees on the site that have just come out of a 15-year marriage. Maybe their husband hasnt paid them much attention and they havent had sex for years and their self-esteem is at rock bottom; they think theyre not attractive. But then they get adoring emails from young men who say, Youre so beautiful, and suddenly they realize how attractive they really are. Its the most enormous ego boost. They begin dressing up again and then relationships start and suddenly its a whole new world for them. Your website understands what a woman past a certain age wants, and you emphasize intelligence, elegance, and wit. How is it that you get this when so many mainstream sites completely miss this? I think its because Im one of the very few site owners thats a woman. Most sites are run by corporations with all-male boards. There are only a couple of sites that I know of that are founded by women, and women know what other women want. All the marketing I do tends to be social media marketing aimed at women because weve never had problems getting men. There are three times as many men on the site as women. The more you move towards classy, intelligent, elegant, the more women will come. The more you move towards its just about sex the more you cut out a whole swath of women who wouldnt join that kind of site. You can be sexy and intelligent -- thats going to come through in a site -- but you cant just push it as a sex site, because that will put a lot of women off. Ive tried to make sure that ToyboyWarehouse is responsive to our UK members. Ive been good at listening to what they ask for. Id like to hear what women want in the US version of ToyboyWarehouse. The tagline in the States will be Where smart meets sexy and I think that encapsulates what its really all about.

The Associations Anxiety Free Essays

The Associations between Anxiety and Psychological and Biological Factors Many people believe that anxiety exists in the occasions that give you a lot of stress. Presence of anxiety is mainly due to the environmental elements. In my opinion, anxiety is a result of imbalance of internal states of human being rather that purely caused by environmental factors. We will write a custom essay sample on The Associations Anxiety or any similar topic only for you Order Now The external environment only triggers the disequilibrium of mental status but not all the person will experience anxiety under a same stressful situation. But first, we must understand what anxiety is and how it is formed. In this report, some case studies in General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) help to illustrate my point. First of all, anxiety is a combination of different emotions like nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worrying. It is different from stress. Stress is only an unpleasant state in our body and leads to some biological arousal such as increase in heart beat rate and breathing rate. Stress can be caused by several kind of emotion like nervous, embarrass or fear which is usually caused by external stimulus. Stress will disappear without the presence of the stimulus. However, for anxiety, formation of tress is more than environmental irritation. Under the same situation, some people will feel anxious but some may not. Different person have different level of stress and anxiety towards same stimulus. Thus, there must be something other than external causes in appearance on anxiety. It may be more related to the cognition of the person which is how the person Judge and value an object or issue as different people have various perceptions and determinations. In understanding which type of person with certain kind of Judgment tends to experience anxiety rather than Just tress, psychological factor including ego and personality can give an explanation to this phenomenon. Other than psychological aspect, some biological factors also lead to creation of anxiety in GAD patients. First of all, anxiety tends to associate with ego. A person with a weaker ego tends to experience stronger anxiety in high frequency. It can be explained by the model proposed by Sigmund Freud. Ego is to please the id which is referred to humans basic instincts, sex and aggressive, and at the same time it also mediate id with superego which is the moral of human beings. Ego helps maintain a healthy and stable psychological state and solve the internal conflicts between id and superego. When the internal conflicts cannot be solved, anxiety will appears which is an unhealthy emotions affecting people’s behaviors. There are several factors leading to a weak ego but the main concern is the childhood development of the person which is further illustrated by a Neo-Freudian psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan. In Sullivan findings, person with unhealthy growth in childhood block one in building a healthy ego and hence affecting the developing healthy personality. People have unpleasant experience in childhood may result in stronger id or weaker superego. So, ego is not able to balance them and affect the development of healthy personality. Their behaviors may deviate from social norms which make them feel anxious when receiving negative consequences. Also, when people receive condition parental love, they tend to have weaker ego and lower self-esteem. Since their parents only express their cares to the children when they have good performance, they cannot accept their faults and always attribute the reason of failure towards homeless. Once they cannot fulfill their expectations or goals, they will suspect their own abilities and afraid of being blame by others. They overlook the environmental factors and overestimate personal factors. Ego is being destroyed as the central value has been doubted or even denied. This can explain the reason of people having weak ego and unhealthy personality tends to experience intense anxiety in higher frequency and thus proving the association between ego and anxiety. In a recent research done by Assai and her group mates (201 1), it reveals the relation between psychological and behavioral control and self-reported GAD symptoms. It is found that children’s behaviors are greatly influenced by parents. Conditional love is actually a kind of parental control that love will be given only following parents’ instruction. Under this circumstances, children do not receive chance to develop ego and understand who they are and what they really want to do. They over-rely on their family and thus cannot bearing risk. When they step out into school or society, they have to deal with different challenges individually. Therefore, heir ability to handle problems will be lower and thus experience higher stress level. Some of them may even anxious about things do not have to worry. It shows that excessive parental control which is an unhealthy childhood development leads to the symptoms of over-reaction toward a minor issue. Even though the object or event is still ambiguous and not imposing direct danger to the person, (s)he is daddy interpret it as a threat and (s)he cannot adore anymore. Anxiety arouses and interfere the normal behaviors. In the studies carried by Boston Children’s Hospital, children with GAD will anxious in true events, past behaviors, social acceptance, family matters, personal abilities and perceived personal. It has no â€Å"on-off’ switch for the worries and they tend to get extreme perceptions. For normal children, they will still have these worries but it usually appears in the present of certain stimulus or occasions which trigger your thought. Stress on them is specified on targeted issue and will disappear after all. However, children with GAD are not easy to relax and concentrate since the stimulus for their worries refer to lower self-esteem and weaker ego which permanently exists before any changing to improve it. In the world, most of people have healthy and happy childhood period. Nevertheless, some of them still get anxious frequently. The appearance of anxiety seems not only associated with ego. In biological field, scientist studied the heredity of which characteristics, both superior and inferior, can be carried down to next generation. Personality can also be inherited by parents. People with type A personality is ambitious, rigidly, sensitive, impatient. They cannot easily accept failure. A little setback will trigger their nervousness and take precautions in order to turn the thing back to correct track. In there words, they have low adaptability and over-react to changes. They will have relatively higher stress level than normal person. Type A personality can be genetically inhered by last generation but also be shaped by environment. People staying at the high tension state over a long period of time, they will more likely feel anxious. For example, people work in the company which required high accuracy and stable performance with long working hours. They will experience extremely high level of stress for long time. They afraid of the consequences of making a mistake and thus need to double check and make sure everything is competed and correct before submitting to boss. Those people may have chance to become perfectionism which they will force themselves act perfectly at any moment. They may be rigid that they cannot handle problem in a more flexible way. They will be impatient and try to finish all the cases as fast as they can. They are not able to relax and anxious of something that does not need to worry about at that time. Moreover, the deficiency of brain may also leads to anxiety. Some of GAD patients are diagnosed that part of the brain component or levels of neurotransmitters are abnormal. In psychological studies, neurotransmitters are important in regulating humans behaviors and mental health. Especially for GAB, serotonin and endorphins, they are relatively significant in maintaining emotions. GAB is an inhibitory neurotransmitter which contributes to canceling the effects of the excitatory SSP. Decrease in level of GAB leads to anxiety as the person will always has high activity level in brain transmission and keep him at a relatively high tension state. Serotonin involves in regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating and aggression. Abnormal amount of serotonin leads to difficulty in getting sufficient rest and become aggressive. Endorphins help to relief pain and some pleasurable emotions. Lacking of endorphins make the person hard to neither enter into positive emotions nor eliminate the negative moods. The person will become irritable and sensitive and thus not able to relax. A GAD patient, James, whose brain was not functioning well and having imbalance level of various neurotransmitters, turned him into an anxious person. He was easily distracted by minor thing and often nervous. He could not sleep well and complained of headache. It serious disturbed his cognition and he could not have clear mind to make Judgment. He might than always has bad performance which brings him stress again. Other than neurotransmitter, defective in brain also cause the instability of emotion. Other than abnormal level of neurotransmitters, James also suffered from malfunction of temporal lobe located in cerebrum which processes and coordinates stimuli received for learning, thinking, remembering and conscious awareness. Temporal lobe is responsible in process of various sounds and sights stimuli and managing the long term memory storage. As a result, he had difficulties in memorizing instructions and recognizing the work. He always forgot simple procedures. By comparing to normal person that can finish targets, James tends to have weak self-esteem and thus give a lot of pressure and blame himself of the failure. Besides, malfunction of some emotion centers such as magical also lead to GAD. Researchers have found that some GAD patients have larger volume of magical. Magical plays a central role in the fear response and aggression. Also, it promotes the fight or flight response which they person will either attack or escape hen facing dangerous. The enlarged magical is easier be triggered to alter people and hence creating fear and aggression. It can explain why the patient will feel anxious to stimuli which do not carry any threat. Brain activity is influenced by the magical so that they always get nervous. Therefore, existence of anxiety is affected by the brain structures. All people experience stress but people with psychological or biological problems tends to develop anxiety over same level of pressure. People act differently towards under the same environment the aforementioned evidence and studies suggest a utter way to understand anxiety that psychological and biological factors may have greater association with anxiety. How to cite The Associations Anxiety, Papers

Impact of Social Media on Contemporary Business Communication

Question: Write about theImpact of Social Media on Contemporary Business Communication. Answer: Introduction Social media has changed the business world drastically over the years. A major difference in business comes with better communication. Businesses know that it is critical to stay in communication with their customers through any devices that are within their reach. While social media was not originally designed for this particular purpose, the vast majority of businesses such as Coca-Cola are using this platform for marketing and communication. Despite advertising on social media being just an option, it provides many practical ways for staying in touch with customers (Holland 2016). Many companies use social media to connect with their customers conveniently. While companies have an option to post information about their products and services on these platforms, many of them use it mainly to remain in touch with their customers and leads (Funk 2012). These businesses focus more on using this tool to engage with their customers instead of selling them products and services. Instead of posting information on their stock and prices, they choose to share more personal items such as photos of their new kitten. Social media also provides businesses with opportunities to post about the favorite charity activities. Businesses that use this approach understand that it is a great tool for improving connections (Funk 2012). The challenge, however, is high costs. Companies need to develop cost effective measures to be able to connect with their customers without depleting their resources. Coca-Cola, one of the worlds largest advertisers, has centralized its social media marketing strategy to realize this same benefit. Initially, Coca-Cola had multiple agencies run under several independent accounts, and they found that this strategy was not cost-effective for the brand. The companys flat sales are a testament to this. The company has responded by moving its social media to lower costs and also increase productivity benefits significantly (Minazzi 2014). This particular shift resulted in the creation of a real-time newsroom the North American Social Centre that manages social media marketing for this company and all its trademarked brands such as Sprite, Fanta, and think Diet. This center is focused on listening and analytics, community management, and content strategy. Coca-Cola has already applied this same tactic is in markets such as Mexico. These efforts have been motivated by cost efficiencies. The version that has been adopted in the US, however, is mainly motivated by the need for better quality. This company has consistently done its marketing on social media in a way that no other company can match; its core themes are freshness, happiness, and togetherness. Obviously, these themes focus on helping the company to connect with its customers as the real objective of Coca-Cola is making sales (Joseph 2016). Further, other than cost-related challenges, Coca-Cola is encountering difficulties communicating these themes, happiness, togetherness, and freshness given the increasingly popular believe that its fizzy drinks category is simply flat. In an attempt to address this problem, Coca-Cola is looking for new and innovative ways to connect its customers with their brands. The company recently adopted a global approach that involves growing its social media expertise in-house operations. Coca-Colas empathy model that allows it to effectively see the emotions behind events that are trending online like the Olympics and David Bowies death are being used to try to sort of this issue (Evaluating social media marketing 2016). In addition, businesses use social media as a campaign tool. Companies have discovered that belonging to a social media site is like having their own broadcast network. They can use these sites without having to spend a fortune on traditional advertising methods that are often costly. Before the advent of social media, customers could take several days or weeks to share their experiences involving any business transactions. In the 21st century, it takes only a minute to accomplish the same goal. Just like companies that were using their traditional broadcast network made commitments, they have made similar commitments on how they campaign online today. Coca-Cola, for example, has made certain commitments regarding the manner in which it interacts with the public on social media. Company associates and representatives are also expected to make the same commitments (Making a business from social media 2011). Coca-Cola has made several commitments. The company wants its staff to be transparent in every social media engagement and protect the privacy of its customers in compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations. The company also respects copyrights, third-part-rights, and trademarks. Another commitment, which is also a strategy to help Coca-Cola to realize its campaign objectives, is being responsible in its use of technology. The company does not align its company with other organizations and websites that use too much tracking malware and software. Besides, it claims to reasonably monitor its own behavior during social media campaigns and keep the right records of its participation in these activities as dictated by its rules as well as industry best practices (Online social media n.d.; Mclean 2015). As a result of this, businesses have an opportunity to respond to information from their clients in real time as well as stay in touch with them at all times. Businesses can make use this opportunity to acknowledge compliments or sort out issues quickly and efficiently. They have the ability to remedy the situations should any problem arise and make public your efforts to address the issue within a short time and with considerable ease (Social media business models 2016). Social media also makes it easy to share images. Sharing these items in this way gives customers a more human feel of the business. For this reason, many companies are allowing their employees to post some images on the Internet and to blog about the company and its products. By doing this, they are seen as more likable (Online social media n.d.). In the old days, most people were doing a lot of work trying to keep some unified front indicating a polished business image and enable customers to see the firm as it is. This was difficult to realize. Social media makes it possible to realize this and build trust with their clients as well as reach others with the same results (Lomborg 2015). Coca-Cola uses social media for this purpose as well. While the company has authorized the use of social media, it has certain expectations. According to credible information on its official website, the company requires both authorized company spokesperson and those who are not authorized to talk about the company, its brands, and its business on their own social media networks. It, nevertheless, requires any of these individuals to keep in mind Coca-Colas insider trading policy and protection policy, individuals responsibility for their actions, and the significance of everyone as an ambassador for the company. The company also advises social media users to be conscientious when mixing business matters and personal lives. People need to clearly know their groups policies regarding personal use of social media (Online social media n.d.). Social media also increases the visibility and availability of organizations. It is only on social media where businesses are never closed. Many companies are turning to Facebook and Twitter because they help them to address various situations on their own terms and the most prompt moment. If customers send their message to the business and the response delays for any reason, they can still receive the message at any moment when they are available to receive it (Holland 2016). Participation in social media can also increase job satisfaction and productivity. Research indicates that organizations the use these platforms correctly record increased performance. On the other hand, those that use it inappropriately for personal matters face a higher risk of low employee performance. Most companies, including Coca-Cola, have learned their lesson and taken drastic steps to develop special ways of thinking about these issues. At present, Coca-Cola focuses on solving the difficult question of how it can offer greater opportunities for its employees to engage and have fun while increasing its presence on social media rather than only dealing with the policy of the appropriate use at the workplace (Towner Klemz 2016). In conclusion, in the 21st century, modern marketers appreciate social media as an appropriate tool for communicating with their customers. This new communication medium has many advantages and challenges, and many businesses endeavor to find the most appropriate way to use it. The average business owner still has difficulty understanding the risks associated with social media use. Most traders largely use Facebook and Twitter to market their products and communicate with their customers. The main reason most businesses go for social media marketing is cost-related. Twitter, Facebook, and many other social media platforms are free to access, create a profile, and post information. For this reason, it offers the benefit of reaching the target market for little or no investment. Those who want information voluntarily get an opportunity to join and follow the businesses. Social media helps businesses to build trust with their followers and make them look for ways of doing business with them. References Evaluating social media marketing 2016, Strategic Social Media, 196-209. doi:10.1002/9781119370680.ch12 Funk, T 2012, Advanced social media campaigns, Advanced Social Media Marketing, 173-206. doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-4408-0_9 Holland, H 2016, Social media-marketing, Dialogmarketing, 146-162. doi:10.15358/9783800653140-146 Joseph, S 2016, Coca-Cola centralises social media marketing, viewed April 26, 2017, https://www.thedrum.com/news/2016/10/18/coca-cola-centralises-social-media-marketing Lomborg, S 2015, Meaning in social media, Social Media Society, 1(1), 205630511557867. doi:10.1177/2056305115578673 Making a business from social media 2011, Social Media 101, 203-205. doi:10.1002/9781118256138.ch53 Mclean, H 2015, Social Media Benefits and Risks in Earthquake Events, Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1-8. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_400-1 Minazzi, R 2014, Social Media Impacts on Travel Suppliers: Social Media Marketing, Social Media Marketing in Tourism and Hospitality, 77-126. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05182-6_4 Online social media n.d., viewed April 26, 2017, https://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/online-social-media-principles Social media business models 2016, Strategic Social Media, 161-179. doi:10.1002/9781119370680.ch10 Social media marketing strategies, 2016, Strategic Social Media, 180-195, doi:10.1002/9781119370680.ch11 Towner, E B, Klemz, B, R 2016, Social media in business and professional communication courses: a survey of student preferences, Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 79(3), 331-347. doi:10.1177/2329490615628017

African Diaspora in the Modern World

The movement of human beings from one place to another is not a new concept. Centuries ago, most of the movement occurred locally. However, the development of effective transport systems has promoted international movements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on African Diaspora in the Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The term Diaspora, refers to any group of people who share a similar sense of identity and connection to a real or imagined place of origin away from their country of residence. African Diaspora refers to a group of people who share the same African identity and connection, but do not reside away from Africa. The characteristics of the African Diaspora depict it as both a condition and a process. African Diaspora as a process The explanation concerning African Diaspora as a process describes a continuous trend related to the formation of African Diaspora through migration where the Diasporas and Africa continue to maintain linkages. There have been several movements among the Diasporas themselves. An example is the Caribbean communities in America, who have been moving to central, southern and northern parts of America. They move in such a way that the African Diaspora constitutes the entire portion of the Atlantic and the United States. Since the late 20th century, there has been a rapid increase in the number of Africans moving to Europe. This process witnessed an increasing diversification in the number of countries sending and receiving immigrants. This development was due to improved economic fortunes in most European countries. Thus, most people moved to seek a better life in these areas. In addition, their integration into posterity and political sphere amounted to immigration pressure on their borders (Patterson 16). The African Diaspora is a process that developed from the time of trading Diasporas and slave Diasporas.Advertising Looking for essay on afric an american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These two periods witnessed the mass movement of people into countries abroad. The process continued after the emergence of new African Diasporas in the late 20th century. The formation of colonial borders and new national identities reinforced African Diasporas’ identities, and pushed them into the circuit of international migration (Patterson 24). There has been an equal growth of an African Diaspora in the Northern America, especially in the United States. By the year 2000, there had been over 700 African natives residing in the United States (Patterson 25). The number of African natives in the Diaspora had tripled by the year 2002 due to the increased movement of Africans into the United States and the European continent. Most of these African immigrants are well educated. A large number of African Diasporas moved to the United States to seek employment opportunities. The old African Diasporas act as a link to help their relatives in Africa to reach the United States. Once in a foreign country they form an association that brings them together as community known as African Diaspora. African Diaspora as a Condition The linkage between African Diasporas is their black race, which is a condition that emanates from different points of view including the aspect of race. One critical aspect of the African Diaspora is a condition of self-conscious identity, which lies mostly in the issue of their color, image and constant engagement with their homeland, Africa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on African Diaspora in the Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This persistence in identification with a common origin based on color or race is what led the African Diaspora to the immense growth (Patterson 19). The African race as a state led to continuous inscriptions and representations of t he homeland in the Diaspora. Diaspora in the homeland is the bond that ties the African Diaspora and their homeland together. Due to the African race and historical mistreatment by other races, most African Diasporas consider it crucial to remember, imagine and engage African affairs. This has also resulted in different Africans with their temporal and spatial framings to remember, imagine, engage in African affairs, and create a community of African Diaspora in another country. Due to complex ebbs and flows related to the African history and various regional host countries of African Diaspora, it is evident that the engagement between Africa and its Diasporas has been built and shaped by continuities as a process, and race as a condition. Other aspects include changes and ruptures. The racial discrimination against some African Diasporas by their host countries created a condition and mindset among the African Diasporas that the basis of their identity is color. This made them have doubts concerning their relationship with their host country. Contemporary African Diasporas are differentiated and inscriptions of gender, generation, class, political ideologies and religion, mediate their internal and external relations. However, the conditions that unite the African Diasporas vary from one set of African Diaspora to another (Patterson 30). Due to historical injustices based on race, Diasporas take it as a condition to link with native Africa, which they consider as their home of origin.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aspect of advanced communication and transport technologies influences the modern Diaspora communities to possess a different approach concerning the issue of linkage. Modern Diasporas do not view race as a condition that links them with their homeland, but refer economic status as a source for linkage. Works Cited Patterson, Tiffany Ruby, Robin D. G. Kelley, Brent Hayes Edwards, Cheryl Odim, AgustiÃŒ n Montes, and Michael O. West. Unfinished migrations: reflections on the  African diaspora and the making of the modern world. New york: Havard university press, 2000. Print. This essay on African Diaspora in the Modern World was written and submitted by user Rachael Becker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to get the most out of your internship and actually learn something

How to get the most out of your internship and actually learn something Internships are great learning experiences. You get to dip a toe in your chosen industry, and either start working toward the future job you want, or decide that hey, maybe it’s not for you after all. (It happens.) But how do you maximize your relatively short time at your internship? What are you supposed to take from it, besides a resume point? One word: networking. Networking, or forming relationships with people in your professional field, is one of the most important things you can do at every level of your career. And when you’re just starting out in an internship, you have the opportunity to start building that network the right way. Here are 4 strategies you can use as an intern to get that network up and running.1. Don’t blow off company events.Company events can be awkward and boring, sure, but they also have two things going for them: 1) free food (usually); and 2) people congregating in one place. So if your internship company advertises any kind of g roup event that’s open to employees, you should go, even if it’s not mandatory. Company softball game, and you can’t throw? Go and sit in the stands and make friends. Book party for that executive who wrote a super-boring treatise on project management? Go, eat some cheese cubes, and chat with people from departments other than your own. Any event can be useful for networking, as long as you’re up for it. And even if you’re an introvert, don’t let that stop you.2, Organize your own events.As an intern, it can feel like you’re on the low end of the power scale, but that doesn’t mean you can’t try to make inroads with the people around you. You might not want to start by inviting the CEO for drinks, but you can try to organize lunches with your fellow interns, or some kind of after-work activity where you invite some of the people you work with.3. Ask for references before you leave.Don’t be shy! Before you wrap up your internship, ask key people if you can use them as a recommendation for future jobs. This way, you’re not only cementing your network contact, but also setting up a framework for actually asking for a reference later. Most people will likely say yes, but if you get a â€Å"no,† don’t sweat it- just move on to someone who might be more appropriate or willing to provide you a reference.4. Stay in touch.Before you leave the company at the end of summer or your internship period, send a thank you to everyone you’ve worked with- everyone who’s helped you in some way. Get business cards or contact information, then make an effort to stay in touch. LinkedIn is a great way to do this, but it’s also good to drop an email once in a while, ask how things are going these days at Corporate Corp., and let them know what you’re up to as well. Maintaining network relationships isn’t that hard, unless you let them lapse and have to awkwardl y start from the beginning when you need something later.Whatever on-the-job expertise you gain from your internship, the longer-term benefits are likely to come from the relationships you form while working there. Make sure you’re making the most of your time at any company, no matter how you feel about the work.

Change in management (skill building) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change in management (skill building) - Essay Example In this way, supervisors would also support our decision. For the purpose, we contacted the supervisors of the department to find out the problem. We held a detailed meeting with supervisors and talked with them about the departmental happenings. Supervisors are the most informed and experienced employees of a department, who are very well aware of the problems and issues of a department. Supervisors gave an insight about the problem and offered some suggestions. After talking to the supervisors in different departments, we found out that employee’s productivity was reducing and they were taking extra ordinary time to complete their tasks. With time, company products and services has increased and so was the number of processes carried out by the company. This had reduced the productivity of employees as they failed to complete their task on time and meet deadlines (Collins & Jim, 2002, pp. 70-84). We then indentified that these employees require training for the resolution of their problem. We also new that we may have to face an issue while implementing this solution, that is resistance against new system or change in the organization. Some of the supervisors are not ready to accept the change as they love to work with their old tested methods. However, we talked to them and convinced them on how training can solve the problem of our organization (Dunford & Palmer, 2006, pp. 52-120). We were able to convince them with the help of showing them statistics of companies doing well with the help of this tool. We first conducted training sessions with the supervisors telling them on how to coach or teach their subordinates. We arranged lectures with the help of power point presentations explaining them different concepts and functions used in their department and other department. We explained them different training tools like task assignment, group roles, project based learning that would help them reduce problems in the organization

Faulty forensic science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Faulty forensic science - Essay Example ts as to why there is a need for a centralized governing forensic science body to oversee the crime labs, and also look into the possibility that maybe, just maybe, forensic science is not always at fault when it comes to the acquittal or conviction of a criminal. Acknowledging the fact that the forensic field of criminal investigation is not fool-proof, the United States Department of Justice has decided that the time has come to establish a forensic commission that will set the standards and oversee the functions of crime labs nationwide. This commission is expected to set the standards that will be used to determine the forensic guilt of a criminally charged person. through the creation of a â€Å"a professional code for forensic scientists, set certification requirements and advise the Attorney General... In addition, the National Institute of Standards and Technology will double-check existing forensic science standards and develop new ways of making forensic measurements.† (Diep, â€Å"New Commission to Set Standards for Troubled Forensic Sciences†). Currently, there are no uniform rules existing to guide the forensic labs in the discharge of their jobs. The commission is expected to standardize their function and offer a sense of uniformity in their investigation and experimentation procedures. In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences reported that â€Å"much of the â€Å"science† used in crime labs lacks any form of peer review or validation – fundamental requirements for sound science. Such questionable forensic methods include long-established and accepted techniques such as fingerprint comparison, hair and fiber analysis, and bullet matching† (Clarke, â€Å"Crime Labs in Crisis: Shoddy Forensics Used to Secure Convictions†). The creation of this commission will then make the forensic labs answerable to the commission and prevent the failure of the justice system by sending an innocent person to prison or releasing a guilty person back into the general

Overall family structure

Overall family structure Abstract: This paper introduces Helen, Julie, and Garry a family subset from the movie, The Parenthood and provides a description of their overall family structure also seen in the form of a genogram. The paper also includes a literature review of both Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT), and Solution-Focused Family Therapy (SFT) with the author settling on SFT as the preferred method for eliciting change from a systems perspective; which also includes a treatment plan complete with practical interventions using SFT and a GARF analysis from the BFT approach. In addition to noting how Helen and her children relate to the larger family system the learner offers a look into her personal world based on the effects of treating this family. The Family Subset The family subset to be discussed, from the movie The Parenthood, is comprised of a divorced mother of two children, one of which is engaging in teenage premarital sex, and the other is masturbating while watching pornographic films. This core group has expanded to include a husband for the teenage daughter who comes to live in the home of his new in-laws, a love interest for the mother, Helen, who eventually becomes a husband and the needed father figure for the pubescent son, and an extremely disinterested father who is preoccupied with his new life which includes a new set of children in addition to a new wife. Helen is the second child of four born to her parents Mr. and Mrs. Frank Buckman. One of the more noticeable things about the family is the relationship that does not exist between the family patriarch and his older three children. It is especially painful to witness how hard Gil, the eldest son, tries to be such a good father by being so actively involved in the lives of his own children as a way to escape falling into the same pattern of his fathers parenting style. In addition, to the fathers distant relationship with his children is the very passive attitude of the mother. Her every attempt to assert herself into conversation and even the lives of her children are thwarted and ultimately overshadowed by the final say of her authoritative and detached husband. Each of the four children Gil, Helen, Susan, and Larrys parenting style and success in their sexual/marital relationships can be attributed to the way they interpret their own upbringing. As mentioned earlier, Gils desire to have a better relationship with his children has caused him to be extremely high strung which is possibly because of the self imposed pressure to succeed. Also, his oldest son, who he tries the hardest to bond with has been diagnosed with something akin to high-functioning autism to which he blames himself. However, his marital relationship appears to be pretty solid; thus, he has succeeded in not being like his father in the respect that he shows to his wife. Susan, the youngest daughter has chosen a man who was able to tame her wild antics. She found his control to be quite sexually attractive. Susans response to her husband is a two-fold result of her bearing witness to her mother being controlled by her father as a child and wanting to rebel against that control while secretly desiring it. Nathan, Susans husband, is unlike her father in that he is very involved with their only daughter, Patty. The problem is that Nathan is overly occupied with everything that relates to Pattys educational capabilities and has included her in every aspect of their lives leaving very little time for intimacy for a still newly married couple. Thus, causing distance in their relationship which forces her to not be like her mother at all, and initiates a separation from him for a while. The youngest son, Larry, has seemingly benefited the most from the paternal relationship because the father saw a lot of himself in this son is not as successful as the other children whose relationships with their dad were not as close. Larry is extremely irresponsible and has only held on to the life lessons taught by his father that enable him to continue on his quest for getting rich quick. Larry does not have a stable companion, has never been married, does not hold a steady job, and has brought home a son whose mother is a Las Vegas showgirl at best. While Larrys life seems to be the most exciting, he lives rather dangerously and his life is at risk as a result of his out of control gambling which is a part of his quick money schemes. Helens childrens behavior is a reflection of the timing of her divorce rather than a reflection of her parenting style. Along with the end of a marital relationship between a husband and a wife during and after the divorce come feelings of failure, blame, and denial. The problem is that those emotions and thoughts are not exclusive to the couple involved but, often are things experienced by a child who is a product of divorce. When the parent who has the children, in this case the mother-Helen, has not adequately dealt with their own feelings concerning the divorce it makes it extremely difficult for them to address the needs, wants, and concerns of their offspring. Helens childrens actions are in relation to an unsmooth transition due to being a product of a bad divorce (Carter McGoldrick, 2005). And, thus have turned into a centrifugal family leaving the mother out and making her feel as if everything is her fault and there is nothing that she can do to make them happy (Capuzzi G ross, 2007). In our patriarchal society the man is often considered the breadwinner even if both parties are gainfully employed; while the woman is regulated to the position of primary caregiver. In this role, Helen is battling a range of lifes concerns from her own happiness which she feels she is neglecting because of her responsibility to her children. In her current state, she cannot be much good to her children although their safety and well-being is her main concern. The manner in which this family interacts with one another is a direct result of how their personal experiences with the divorce of Helen and her ex-husband has negatively impacted their thoughts and patterns of behaviors. Each taking on or placing the blame on self or one of the other remaining members of their family unit. Therapy would serve Helen and her children, Julie and Garry, by helping them over this intermediary hump of emotions relating to the divorce crisis and propelling them into the next healthy stage of the family cycle they now find themselves. Group therapy would provide the family and opportunity to effectively communicate their individual issues for example, Helen might bring up her concerns surrounding her role as primary caregiver and the neglect that is self-inflicted in hopes that she might make up for whatever her ex-husbands absence has deprived them of; Julie might discuss how she needs to feel the love of a male figure and although her choice might not be the brightest he is showing her the love that she feels she needs; Garry will likely open up about how his family has turned against him (his mother made his father not love him anymore, his father choosing to love his other son more, and his sister turning to her boyfriend and barely acknowledging him) just as his body has (because he no longer has a father to discuss and prepare him for the upcoming normal bodily changes associated with puberty). In order for this family subset to reach a place of normal healthy functioning for a family unit it is necessary to assess and create an environment of understanding of the emotional attachment of the family system and, how easily the family is able to adjust to whatever natural and unsuspected events that occur during the life cycle (Maynard Olson, 1987). The learner believes that the two systematic therapeutic models that will work best in bringing this family back to a positive place in their cognition, and behavior are solution focused therapy and family behavioral therapy. Solution-focused therapy will work to accentuate the successes of Helen and her children and move them away from current behaviors that have them each emphasizing on their own failures and that of other members of their family subset (insert citation here, Clinical Training in Solution focused therapy-Josee Lamarre, Journal of Family Psychotherapy 143-148, 2005). While Behavioral Family Therapy evaluates the family and how they currently work together so that changes can be made towards how they will interact with each other moving forward (insert citation here, Eileen Spillane-Grieco, Cognitive-behavioral family therapy with a family in high-conflict divorce: A case study, Clinical Social Work Journal 2000 105-119) In using the behavioral model the position of the counselor is to assist the client family in changing specific behaviors which have been defined by Dr. Glasser as being comprised of action, thinking, feelings, and physiology and, in turn will cause effective communication to develop (Glasser, 1980a). Solution-focused therapy suggests that the client family should look to what is presently taking place, and where they want to be in the future as opposed to what has transpired in the past. In changing the focus of the therapy sessions from that of the problem to that of achieving their personal goals based on what they would like to see as a result of their time in therapy will cause the client family to begin implementing the necessary steps to see those things realized. In addition, the client is instrumental to the process because they are constantly asked to define for themselves what is necessary for change to take place, or for the counseling being received to be effective (inse rt citation here: A Thumb-nail map for solution-focused brief therapy, Lance Taylor, Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 2005, 27-33); thus, causing Helen and her children to verbalize their responsibility to the success of their family unit. A Literature Review The articles that will be discussed in this literature review will argue the importance of the helping relationship; provide insight into intervention models that have worked with a range of client race, age, and backgrounds utilizing both behavioral family and solution-focused therapies. In addition, the editorials will offer evidence towards how well these theories have worked and will work for the learners client family. On Behavioral Family Therapy Thoughts about seeking help from a counselor can have negative connotations as expressed in the film from which we extract our client family-The Parenthood. Individuals are considered to be crazy, or think their problems are too insignificant, or are afraid of embarrassing themselves or their families with the kind of information that will be discussed. But, in actuality therapy provides an environment that is non-judgmental and safe, a counselor will affirm the feelings of the client and challenge them to think and behave in a manner that causes them to be more productive. It is those negative thoughts that will make it harder to get an entire family to come, as opposed to a single person, or even partake in the first couple of sessions. The problem has been statistically proven to be more likely a case of engagement. One article suggests that Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT) has the helping relationship as the foundation and if the counselor is able to build rapport quickly and earn estly then, it is more probable that the client family will not only remain engaged in the therapeutic process but, will likely have a successful outcome once therapy has ended (James, Cushway, Fadden, 2006). It is necessary to mention counselor responsibility in BFT considering that their role is valuable to the process. The therapist is required to explore and evaluate the hows of the family system as it operates currently and its potential for operation in the future (James, Cushway, Fadden, 2006). Without arguing for or against nature or nurture it is safe to say that family does play an important role in the way one acts consider the relationships of the Buckman clan as a whole and the dysfunction that ensues as they attempt to be different than the generation before them, and so then it should be equally safe to believe that therapy that would include the family is just as important in working towards change. Change is the ultimate goal in identifying and then ranking behaviors that the client family would like to change are priority. Once they have been outlined then interventions to facilitate change are necessary. In keeping with the definition of behavior which included thinking one conduit for change is positive thinking through cognitive restructuring, each family member will create a list of strengths of all of the members of the family unit. The result brings about a sense of self-awareness and quite possibly a new way of what role one actually plays in the family structure. Part of the homework will be for each family member to work on maintaining this new self-image in between sessions and ultimately adopting it as a lifestyle change (Khodayarifard, Rehm, Khodayarifard, 2007). This type of intervention will work well with Helen and her children as they are quite verbal in their disdain of each other. So, in highlighting the positive qualities of each other will not only affirm their role within the family, and work to dispel some of the former negative statements but, will cause them to live up to the attributes ascribed to them more often; thus, serving as a behavior modification. Although there is overwhelming evidence that supports the effectiveness of family behavioral therapy an article from 2000 argues that research shows that this theory has not been sufficiently compared to other like orientations (Kolko, Brent, Baugher, Bridge, Birmaher, 2000). However, BFT is still thought to be one of the best methods because of its relative adaptive nature that is specific to the preferred client demographics-family, individual: adult, adolescent, and etc. as the client family consists of a mother, and two children: one teenager, and one adolescent. Behavioral Family Therapy will work well in a family setting as Helen, Julie, and Garry can participate equally. The self control technique is an effective intervention that can be applied to Helen and her children within the Behavioral Family Therapy model. This method holds that each individual is responsible for their own actions and possess the necessary qualities to change them (Teichman Eliahu, 1986). Taking personal responsibility will force the family subset to see themselves separately from who they believe their parents to be and remove the need to place the blame on them for how they have decided to live their lives. For instance, Garrys behavior will no longer lead to acts of destruction because his father has chosen to not be actively involved in his life instead, he will recognize that he has control over who he will be and that is completely separate from who his father is to him. On Solution-Focused Therapy As the therapy name suggests there is an immediate purpose when utilizing this model. As such, after the necessary introductory things have been accounted for, one of the first pieces of information that the counselor needs to extract are the exceptions. These are windows into viewing potential solutions in that they identify specific instances where the client has already attempted to change what is considered normal behavior (Corcoran, 1997). Exceptions are seen as a kind of intervention in that positive affirmation is bestowed onto the person who has created an avenue for personal change and in so doing shows them how easy it is for change to occur. This will translate to Helen and her children perhaps through Julie who has demonstrated that she runs away from her problems-literally. She left home after an argument with her mother and impulsively got married; she left her husband and returned home when things got a little thick between her and Tod. But, during his stint as a race car driver, even though she vehemently opposed to this career option she showed up to the contest and was first at his side when he wrecked. All done of her own volition and thus, a time when she changed what could be considered normal or expected behavior. With thoughts focused on the future exceptions it will allow for the client family to consider how they can make a difference in family squabbles and other relational issues by meditating on the future. What will not happen are constant thoughts on the pain, the frustration, and the angst associated with the dysfunctional state of the family but, instead each member will meditate on a dream solution, which is ultimately a resolution to a problem (Bannink, 2007). One outcome to an ideal solution for this family would be that they no longer talked or yelled at each other but, now respected each other enough to quiet themselves and listen to the opinions and concerns of each other. Another benefit of the therapy would be for the family members to learn how to respond rather than react in a calm and rational manner. Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) will cause the client family to look to self for resolution as opposed to the very dysfunctional thinking of placing blame and pointing out the negative in others. It is believed by the author, that a persons natural inclination is to think more negatively than positively in terms of what is likely to happen based on what has previously occurred. But, through the use of this model they find that the reverse is actually true and are likely to look forward to each day as opposed to dreading coming home to mom, or spending family time together (Reiter, 2007). Conclusion Both, BFT and SFT focus on the relationship and building rapport with the client in addition to being able to fit a broad spectrum of clientele. The combination of Behavioral Family Therapy and Solution-Focused Therapy will help the client family come out victorious because of the effectiveness of each orientation separately. BFT would work to learn the negative behaviors and then work to teach and enforce new behaviors and SFT will mandate that their attention always be focused on bringing about a different outcome and therefore a preferred outcome. While there are a myriad of downsides to both BFT and SFT they are so minute that they would not likely have an adverse affect on the client family. For instance, it may be that the length or number of sessions will be smaller than other theoretical approaches which would suit Helen just fine considering she is now the main source of income for the home. Fewer sessions can also work in favor of the client family in pushing them into setting realistic goals that need to be achieved and will also cause for the techniques learned while utilizing either approach be employed sooner rather than later and hopefully will continue long after the sessions have ended to go on with the changes that are necessary for success within their family unit. Through homework and other intervention exercises a favorable outcome is expected of Helen, Julie, and Garry, the client family. They will unlearn playing the victim role and lashing out in anger, learn how to effectively communicate, accept what has transpired in their lives and in putting it behind them not out of embarrassment or shame but, out of a realization that the present and future is where their focus needs to be. In the end, the learner is confident that both the Solution-Focused Therapy and the Family Behavioral Therapy theoretical orientations will serve as a successful method of therapy for this family. Diagnosis and Treatment Plan Helen and her children by all accounts can be considered a family that has not healed from divorce but copes with what that disruption to their family system translates for them and yearns to be well again seeks the counseling services of the learner. The remaining members of this unit individually and collectively exhibit a range of dysfunctional behaviors that include but are not limited to premarital teen sex, masturbation, yelling at each other and other dysfunctional communication patterns. The learner proposes that the therapeutic model that will work best in bringing Helen and her children back to a positive place in their cognition, and behavior is solution-focused family therapy. Before a counselor or therapist is able to successfully engage the client through verbal communication, nonverbal clues are given as to potentially how bad the situation is by simple things like how [the clients] choose[s] to sit in the room (Walrond-Skinner, 1976, p. 39). These kinds of nonverbal tools are just as important to assessing the situation as the ever blunt first question, why are you here today? The answer to that question is key in assessing the situation. From the interactions of the family as witnessed while in their natural habitat the following have been evaluated in regards to this operation of this family system: effective communication does not exist between the parent and children, the sibling emotional bond is nonexistent, and they do not rebound well when change occurs. After the initial general assessment or a description of the presenting problems has been disclosed the counselor must then set goals. In a variety of settings such as corporate meetings, counseling sessions, and etc. one widely used acronym for goal setting is to be SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely. The purpose of being smart when laying out the goals for others to adhere to is to ensure that they know what is expected of them without a shadow of a doubt; that a counselor or therapist will be able to easily notate when progress has been made or remains unachieved; to create practical objectives that while they may not be easy to accomplish are necessary for personal growth; and to ensure that there is a cap so that the client is aware that a deadline to check if improvement has been made. With SMART in mind, the treatment plan for Helen, Julie, and Garry would include the following: Goals: Helen, Julie, and Garry will work together to improve effective communication Helen, Julie, and Garry will learn adjustment skills as it relates to experiencing unexpected situations specifically the divorce of Helen and her ex-husband Julie and Garry will learn to interact as siblings by learning how to support each other in an effort to build an emotional bond between them Interventions : Clients will be required to hear out the other members of their family and to consider that persons point of view. The request to begin considering the point of view of others will begin within the second session between all three members of the family unit and will continue being asked until the 10th family session. In addition, the client family will be asked to apply this question to instances when an argument is likely to take place as a substitute to the way they normally communicate. This intervention will include the therapist and all subsequent members of the host family: Helen, Julie, and Garry and will last for at least ten sessions and will be assessed at the 10th session to see if it needs to continue. Helen, Julie, and Garry will journal about their past and present feelings related to the divorce of Helen and her ex-husband on a daily basis, and something will be chosen from each family members journal to be read aloud in the following weeks session. This intervention will allow all family members an opportunity to learn how each individual processed and is handling the divorce. In addition, the family will be required to attend at least three additional sessions of counseling in a Persons involved in Divorce support group to be educated on the varying perspectives of all involved in such a process. This intervention will include all members of the subsequent host family: Helen, Julie, and Garry and the therapist will act as the reader. The therapist will also be instrumental in securing a place for them within a support group; the family will be able to offer suggestions which the therapist will thoroughly consider and make an informed decision based on what is better for the clients. After the required three sessions, a decision as to how beneficial the group meets were and the necessity of continuing in them will determine whether more sessions are needed. That information will be considered from Helen, Julie, and Garry in addition to, the lead therapist of the group sessions. Julie and Garry will begin to genuinely compliment each other at least one time per day over the course of their time in therapy. In addition, they are to find out something that the other is involved in like Garrys new fascination with cars and wholeheartedly support those endeavors making time for them at least two times per month. The hope is to achieve the goal of creating a genuine sibling emotional bond. This intervention will include only the sibling subset of the client family unit. And, will consist of Julie and Garry having a separate bi- weekly family session (for a total of two sessions per month) without their mother Helen. During the last session for the month a verbal synopsis that will include how well they enjoyed the time spent witnessing their sibling doing something they loved. The learner has implemented interventions that adhere to the thought behind solution-focused family therapy, and when evaluating Helen and her children will take into consideration the possibility for numerous modifications based upon client achievement of goals, and failures as it relates to not adhering to the scheduled mandates of the treatment goals (Seligman, 2004). Each intervention applied would likely have the learners desired effect which will cause this family to knit closely together. They would own up to their own contributions to the state of their relationship as well as absolve themselves and the others of misplaced blame. The lines of communication will be open and no longer will they talk at each other in fits of hysteria or desperation. As a result of the intervention the family members will implement the communication skills learned which will include how to talk to each other and value the opinions, and feelings of one another even at those times of disagreement. Ultimately, this family unit will grow closer to each other, develop as a cohesive unit, mature in their personal pursuits and thought processes, and learn from each other which will cause them to have a smooth transition into the next life stage of their family subsets life cycle. The Learners Personal Reflection The entire process that began with watching the Buckman family at large and specifically the subset that included Helen, Julie and Garry and ended with setting goals that were believed to be to the benefit of making their family unit more cohesive had the learner slightly stressed. The limited experience in a counseling setting as a professional and as a client caused a recurring question regarding correctly processing and applying information. It is the belief of the learner that her experiences as wife, mother, daughter, sister, and etc. would create an excellent source from which to pull information from when dealing with clients and cause an equalizing of the relationship. While the learner can clearly relate to some of the dysfunction of the family on issues such as how families talk to each other, or not actually being able to relate or have things in common with siblings. One aspect of this family system that the learner has no personal knowledge of is divorce and how seriousl y it can upset the entire family cycle. The model for marriage for this learner has been that of her maternal grandparents who were married for 58 years before the death of her grandfather. The lack of reaction to Helen being divorced considering the learners religious views was a very interesting dynamic. It is more likely that this can be attributed to how often she can be credited with desiring divorce than, recognizing that as a professional personal beliefs regarding things like divorce are irrelevant to the counseling process. One of the biggest reactions was in regards to the ex-husband and his complete disregard for the well-being of his own biological children. This set off red flags of personal biases towards deadbeat dads as a result of the learners own father who was only sporadically involved in her upbringing, at best. Due to the internally boisterous response the learner will need to routinely do a self-check to ensure that her personal biases will not negatively affect the counseling environment that is a necessary conduit for client change. Due to the fathers utter removal from every aspect of his childrens life as a result of the divorce, Helen was regulated to the role of a single parent; and it forced their children into a single-parent family situation (Carter McGoldrick, 2005). Early on, the learner and her three sisters formed a pack after constantly witnessing the unnecessary sibling rivalry amongst their mother and her sisters. In clearing defining our goals for our sister-friend relationships, we are extremely honest with each other, genuinely concerned about every aspect of each other lives, and have vowed to remain so. From this relationship that was first built on a blood bond evolved four very different people, at various stages in their lives, who are now friends. Once the commitment was made to be different and was adhered to change occurred within the relationship between the learner and her youngest sister who she really did not know mostly because of the difference in age. Therefore, setting a goal for Julie and Garry to become more emotionally involved with each other was something that the learner can attest to. One final thing to note, is how in the learners family which is multi-generational and includes not just an immediate family unit but, is comprised of extended family members there is always something that occurs that can upset the family system however, behaviors are not drastically changed as a result. The adaptability of the learners family unit has created an environment where others are always prepared to take on countless roles in the event that the traditional role holder is unable to continue on. Thus, the family is able to continue to run smoothly even after a major upset to the family cycle. A persons entire being is founded, rooted, expanded, and explored through the family framework which by all accounts is the initial segue into a host of firsts (Carter McGoldrick, 2005). Thus, it stands to reason that it is completely necessary to ensure the stability of the family unit by ensuring its flexibility when presented with anything that has the power to modify the normal flow of the family system and, maintaini